河(he)南淳奧石化科技(ji)有限公司
公(gong)司地址:中國(河南(nan))自(zi)由貿易試(shi)驗區(qu)洛陽片區(qu)高(gao)新區(qu)河洛路215號瑞澤(ze)大廈(sha)6W309室
聯系人:梁經理
手機:13837130876
聯系人:張總
手機(ji):13613848772
河(he)南淳奧(ao)石化(hua)科(ke)技公司與大家共享關于丙(bing)酮的相關知識科(ke)普(pu)內容。
丙(bing)(bing)酮(acetone,CH3COCH3),又名二(er)甲基酮,為(wei)最簡單(dan)的(de)飽和酮。是(shi)一種無色透(tou)明(ming)液體,有特殊的(de)辛辣氣味。易溶(rong)于(yu)水(shui)和甲醇、乙醇、乙醚、氯(lv)仿(fang)(fang)、吡(bi)啶(ding)等(deng)有機溶(rong)劑。易燃(ran)、易揮(hui)發,化學(xue)性質(zhi)較活潑。目前世界上(shang)丙(bing)(bing)酮的(de)工(gong)業(ye)生產(chan)以異丙(bing)(bing)苯法為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。丙(bing)(bing)酮在工(gong)業(ye)上(shang)主(zhu)(zhu)要作為(wei)溶(rong)劑用于(yu)炸藥、塑料、橡膠、纖維、制革、油脂(zhi)、噴漆(qi)等(deng)行業(ye)中,也可作為(wei)合(he)成烯(xi)酮、醋酐、碘仿(fang)(fang)、聚異戊二(er)烯(xi)橡膠、甲基丙(bing)(bing)烯(xi)酸甲酯、氯(lv)仿(fang)(fang)、環(huan)氧樹脂(zhi)等(deng)物質(zhi)的(de)重要原料。
一(yi)、基本信息
化學式 CH3COCH3 分子量(liang)58.08 外觀 常溫下無色液體 閃(shan)點-20°C 別稱 二甲(jia)(jia)基酮(tong)(tong)、二甲(jia)(jia)基甲(jia)(jia)酮(tong)(tong),二甲(jia)(jia)酮(tong)(tong),醋酮(tong)(tong)、木酮(tong)(tong)
熔點 −94.9 °C (178.2 K) 危(wei)險性描述 易燃、有毒 氣味 特殊性辛辣氣味
沸(fei)點56.53 °C (329.4 K) 水溶性(xing) 混溶 安全性(xing)描(miao)述(shu) 易燃(ran),易制(zhi)毒
二、物理性質
相(xiang)對密(mi)度(水=1):0.788
相對蒸氣密度(空氣=1):2.00
飽和(he)蒸氣壓(kPa):53.32(39.5℃)
溶解(jie)性(xing):與水混(hun)溶,可混(hun)溶于(yu)乙(yi)(yi)醇、乙(yi)(yi)醚(mi)、氯仿、油類(lei)、烴類(lei)等多數有(you)機溶劑。
三、化學(xue)性質
丙(bing)(bing)(bing)酮(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)脂肪族(zu)酮(tong)(tong)(tong)類(lei)具有代表(biao)性(xing)的(de)(de)的(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)合(he)物(wu)(wu),具有酮(tong)(tong)(tong)類(lei)的(de)(de)典型(xing)反應(ying)(ying)。例如:與亞(ya)硫酸(suan)(suan)氫(qing)鈉(na)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)無色結晶的(de)(de)加成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)。與氰化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)氫(qing)反應(ying)(ying)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)酮(tong)(tong)(tong)氰醇(chun)(chun)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)還原劑的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下(xia)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)異(yi)(yi)(yi)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)酮(tong)(tong)(tong)與頻哪醇(chun)(chun)。丙(bing)(bing)(bing)酮(tong)(tong)(tong)對氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑比(bi)較穩(wen)定。在(zai)(zai)(zai)室溫下(xia)不(bu)會(hui)被(bei)硝酸(suan)(suan)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。用(yong)(yong)酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)高錳(meng)酸(suan)(suan)鉀強氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑做氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑時(shi)(shi),生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)乙酸(suan)(suan)、二氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)碳和(he)水。在(zai)(zai)(zai)堿存在(zai)(zai)(zai)下(xia)發(fa)生(sheng)雙分子縮(suo)合(he),生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)雙丙(bing)(bing)(bing)酮(tong)(tong)(tong)醇(chun)(chun)。2mol丙(bing)(bing)(bing)酮(tong)(tong)(tong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)各種酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)催化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(鹽酸(suan)(suan),氯化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋅或(huo)(huo)硫酸(suan)(suan))存在(zai)(zai)(zai)下(xia)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)亞(ya)異(yi)(yi)(yi)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)基(ji)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)酮(tong)(tong)(tong),再(zai)與1mol丙(bing)(bing)(bing)酮(tong)(tong)(tong)加成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)佛爾酮(tong)(tong)(tong)(二亞(ya)異(yi)(yi)(yi)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)基(ji)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)酮(tong)(tong)(tong))。3mol丙(bing)(bing)(bing)酮(tong)(tong)(tong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)濃硫酸(suan)(suan)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下(xia),脫3mol水生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)1,3,5-三(san)甲在(zai)(zai)(zai)石灰。醇(chun)(chun)鈉(na)或(huo)(huo)氨基(ji)鈉(na)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)下(xia),縮(suo)合(he)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)異(yi)(yi)(yi)佛爾酮(tong)(tong)(tong)(3,5,5-三(san)甲基(ji)-2-環己烯(xi)-1-酮(tong)(tong)(tong))。在(zai)(zai)(zai)酸(suan)(suan)或(huo)(huo)堿存在(zai)(zai)(zai)下(xia),與醛(quan)或(huo)(huo)酮(tong)(tong)(tong)發(fa)生(sheng)縮(suo)合(he)反應(ying)(ying),生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)酮(tong)(tong)(tong)醇(chun)(chun)、不(bu)飽(bao)和(he)酮(tong)(tong)(tong)及(ji)樹脂狀物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)。與苯酚(fen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)條(tiao)件下(xia),縮(suo)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)雙酚(fen)-A。丙(bing)(bing)(bing)酮(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)α-氫(qing)原子容(rong)易被(bei)鹵(lu)素取代,生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)α-鹵(lu)代丙(bing)(bing)(bing)酮(tong)(tong)(tong)。與次(ci)鹵(lu)酸(suan)(suan)鈉(na)或(huo)(huo)鹵(lu)素的(de)(de)堿溶(rong)液作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鹵(lu)仿。丙(bing)(bing)(bing)酮(tong)(tong)(tong)與Grignard試劑發(fa)生(sheng)加成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),加成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)產物(wu)(wu)水解得到叔醇(chun)(chun)。丙(bing)(bing)(bing)酮(tong)(tong)(tong)與氨及(ji)其衍(yan)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)如羥(qian)氨、肼、苯肼等也能發(fa)生(sheng)縮(suo)合(he)反應(ying)(ying)。此外,丙(bing)(bing)(bing)酮(tong)(tong)(tong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)500~1000℃時(shi)(shi)發(fa)生(sheng)裂解,生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)乙烯(xi)酮(tong)(tong)(tong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)170~260℃通(tong)過(guo)硅-鋁(lv)催化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑,生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)異(yi)(yi)(yi)丁烯(xi)和(he)乙醛(quan);300~350℃時(shi)(shi)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)異(yi)(yi)(yi)丁烯(xi)和(he)乙酸(suan)(suan)等。不(bu)能被(bei)銀氨溶(rong)液,新制(zhi)氫(qing)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)銅等弱氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),但可催化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)加氫(qing)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)醇(chun)(chun)。
四、生產方法(fa)
丙酮(tong)的生產方法(fa)主要有異(yi)丙醇法(fa)、異(yi)丙苯(ben)(ben)(ben)法(fa)、發酵法(fa)、乙炔水合法(fa)和丙烯直接氧化法(fa)。世(shi)(shi)界上丙酮(tong)的工業生產以異(yi)丙苯(ben)(ben)(ben)法(fa)為主。世(shi)(shi)界上三分之二的丙酮(tong)是(shi)制備(bei)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)酚的副(fu)產品,是(shi)異(yi)丙苯(ben)(ben)(ben)氧化后的產物(wu)之一。
1、從乙(yi)酸(suan)(suan)得到乙(yi)酸(suan)(suan)鈣(gai),然后(hou)加熱至160攝(she)氏度分解(jie)生成丙酮(tong)和碳(tan)酸(suan)(suan)鈣(gai);
2、乙(yi)炔(gui)在氧化鋅催(cui)化劑上與水(shui)蒸氣反應生成丙酮;
3、乙醇蒸氣在鉻酸(suan)鋅催化劑存(cun)在下,高溫反應生成丙酮;
4、液化(hua)天然氣或石(shi)腦(nao)油氧(yang)化(hua)制丙(bing)酮(氧(yang)化(hua)產物(wu)還包(bao)括甲(jia)醛,乙酸,丁醇等(deng));
5、異丙(bing)醇氧化或脫氫制(zhi)丙(bing)酮(tong);
6、異(yi)丙(bing)醇過氧化氫法制丙(bing)酮;
7、異(yi)丙(bing)醇與(yu)丙(bing)烯醛(quan)合成丙(bing)酮(tong);
8、異(yi)丙苯(ben)(ben)法制丙酮,聯(lian)產苯(ben)(ben)酚(fen)以丙烯和(he)苯(ben)(ben)為原料,經烴化制得(de)異(yi)丙苯(ben)(ben),再以空氣(qi)氧化得(de)到氫過氧化異(yi)丙苯(ben)(ben),然后以硫酸或樹脂分解,同時得(de)到丙酮和(he)苯(ben)(ben)酚(fen);
9、丙(bing)烯(xi)直接氧化法制(zhi)丙(bing)酮,工藝路線(xian)與乙(yi)烯(xi)直接氧化制(zhi)乙(yi)醛(quan)法相似(si);
10、對(dui)甲基異丙基苯過氧化氫法生產對(dui)甲酚(fen),副產丙酮;
11、二異丙苯法生產(chan)氫醌,副產(chan)丙酮。
五(wu)、安全風(feng)險
健(jian)康(kang)危害:急性中(zhong)毒主(zhu)要表現為對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)樞(shu)神經系(xi)統的麻醉作用,出現乏力(li)、惡(e)心、頭(tou)(tou)痛、頭(tou)(tou)暈、易激動。重者發生嘔吐、氣急、痙攣,甚至昏迷。對(dui)(dui)眼、鼻(bi)、喉(hou)(hou)有(you)刺(ci)激性。口(kou)服(fu)后,先有(you)口(kou)唇、咽喉(hou)(hou)有(you)燒灼感,后出現口(kou)干(gan)、嘔吐、昏迷、酸中(zhong)毒和酮癥。
六(liu)、折(zhe)疊急救(jiu)措施
慢性(xing)影響(xiang):長期接(jie)觸該品(pin)出現(xian)眩暈(yun)、灼燒(shao)感、咽炎(yan)、支氣管(guan)炎(yan)、乏力、易(yi)激動等(deng)。皮(pi)膚長期反復(fu)接(jie)觸可(ke)致皮(pi)炎(yan)。
燃(ran)爆危(wei)險:該品極度易(yi)燃(ran),具刺激性。
皮(pi)膚接觸:脫(tuo)去污染的衣著,用肥(fei)皂水(shui)和清水(shui)徹底(di)沖洗皮(pi)膚。
眼(yan)睛接觸(chu):提起眼(yan)瞼,用流動清水(shui)或生理鹽水(shui)沖洗。就醫(yi)。
吸(xi)入:迅速脫離現場至空氣(qi)新鮮處。保(bao)持(chi)呼吸(xi)道(dao)通暢。如(ru)呼吸(xi)困難,給輸氧。如(ru)呼吸(xi)停止,立即進(jin)行(xing)人工呼吸(xi)。就醫。
食入(ru):飲(yin)足量(liang)溫(wen)水,催吐。就醫。
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